English Phonetics - Yensi Cortes Valencia

  Lips – Used in bilabial sounds like /p/ and /b/ Teeth – Used in dental sounds like /θ/ and /ð/ Tongue – Key for alveolar, palatal, and velar sounds Alveolar Ridge – Used for sounds like /t/ and /d/ Hard Palate – Used in palatal sounds like /ʃ/ Velum (Soft Palate) – Controls nasal and oral airflow Glottis – Produces glottal sounds like /h/

  Bilabial – Both lips touch (e.g., /p/, /b/) Labiodental – Lower lip touches upper teeth (e.g., /f/, /v/) Dental – Tongue tip against upper teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/) Alveolar – Tongue tip against alveolar ridge (e.g., /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/) Postalveolar – Tongue just behind the alveolar ridge (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/) Palatal – Tongue against hard palate (e.g., /j/) Velar – Tongue against soft palate (e.g., /k/, /g/) Glottal – Sound produced at the glottis (e.g., /h/)

Definition of Phonetics: Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies the physical sounds of human speech. It focuses on how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. According to Ladefoged (2005), phonetics analyzes "the physical properties of speech sounds, including their articulation and acoustic features." Articulatory Features: Place of articulation (where the sound is produced in the vocal tract) Manner of articulation (how the airflow is modified) Voicing (whether the vocal cords vibrate) Examples: /p/ (voiceless bilabial plosive) /d/ (voiced alveolar plosive) /s/ (voiceless alveolar fricative) Definition of Phonology: Phonology is the study of how speech sounds function within a particular language or languages. It focuses on the abstract, cognitive aspects of sounds and their patterns. Roach (2009) states that phonology "concerns itself with the organization of sounds in particular languages, distinguishing phonemes and their functions....